Clinical thyroidology for the public volume 11 issue 5 pdf file, 5. Selenium is a crucial nutrient for everyones health. Selenium is important for thyroid function as the major enzyme that activates thyroid hormone contains selenium. Selenium has also been shown to protect the thyroid gland from excess iodine exposure. Selenium is used to treat or prevent selenium deficiency. Its essential to thyroid hormone metabolism, reproduction, dna synthesis, and it protects you from infection and damage resulting from oxidative stress. Attainment of euthyroid status after long term therapeutic dosing has also. It is present in muscles, liver and kidneys, but reaches its highest concentration in the thyroid gland. By improving the efficiency of the thyroid gland, selenium can help you work with your medical provider to reduce the dose of your medication. At this dose, selenium significantly reduces tpo and tgab antibodies. Selenium benefits, foods, dosage and side effects dr.
Selenium and the thyroid gland alex fok endocrine practice. Some studies have found that treating patients who have mild to moderate thyroid eye disease graves orbitopathy. When the body experiences severe inflammation, it becomes much more susceptible to permanent tissue damage, which includes damage to the thyroid tissue. Effect of selenium and zinc supplementation on hypothyroidism. Thyroid and pregnancy selenium supplementation during pregnancy background selenium is a mineral known to be involved in the regulation of immune and thyroid function. Selenium is a trace element that is naturally present in many foods, added to others, and available as a dietary supplement.
Benefits of selenium for thyroid it can seem like there are more and more people being diagnosed with some form of thyroid disease these days. In adults, the thyroid is the organ with the highest amount of selenium. This small gland carries out the function of manufacturing and distributing vital hormones to the whole body. Synthesis, secretion, metabolism and action of thyroid hormone in target tissues depend on a balanced nutritional availability or supplementation of these. According to studies, consuming foods with selenium such as brazil nuts, eggs, liver, tuna, cod and sunflower seeds andor taking supplements can have positive antiviral effects, supports fertility and reproduction, and may even reduce the risk of cancer, autoimmune and thyroid diseases. Hypothyroidism, thyroid autoimmunity, and hyperthyroidism are common in pregnancy. Fittingly, selenium was also detected in the moon dust brought back by the 1969 apollo mission 1, 2. It can cause symptoms like tiredness, weight gain, and feeling cold, among many others. Many factors influence your thyroid function, including dietary changes, iodine, stress, and much more. In 1967, it was found that the thyroid gland had the maximum amount of selenium per gram of tissue.
In adults, the thyroid is the organ with the highest amount of selenium per gram of tissue. Selenium in thyroid disorders essential knowledge for. Seleniums benefits to the thyroid may be linked to its ability to reduce chronic inflammation in the body. Nutrient intake also plays a major role in maintaining proper thyroid function, especially selenium. Several studies have shown that supplementing with selenium reduces thyroid peroxidase antibodies tpo, as well as the severity of hypothyroidism symptoms. Mar 30, 2016 so selenium and vitamin d are two easy ways to have potentially good benefit for your thyroid immune health or thyroid autoimmunity. The good news is that its not very hard to keep your selenium levels topped up, as long as youre not a vegetarian and eat a balanced diet. When selenium runs low, your body has tough choices.
Selenium is not produced in the body, but it is needed for proper thyroid and immune system function. The thyroid is a small gland that sits toward the front of your neck just below your adams apple. Additionally, selenium is also essential for the conversion of t4 to t3, as deiodinase enzymes those enzymes that remove iodine atoms from t4 during conversion are seleniumdependent. In extreme cases, such as central asia, conditions such as keshan disease kd and kashinbeck disease kbd are associated with significant selenium deficiency. Thanks to comprehensive iodination primarily of table salt, iodine deficiency has been significantly. The thyroid gland in humans and several species is unique as the tissue with the highest selenium content per tissue unit retaining selenium and expressing selenoproteins even under conditions of severe deficiency similar to testis, brain and several other endocrine organs 7,31,32,33,34.
Selenium is responsible for the properly recycling of iodine in the body, so a person with too little selenium as well as too little iodine is much more likely to develop a significant thyroid imbalance. Since the discovery of myxoedematous cretinism and thyroid destruction following selenium repletion in iodine. Pregnancy, thyroid, and the potential use of selenium. Hypothyroidism, or an underactive thyroid, is a health problem that affects 12% of people worldwide. Aug 20, 2015 benefits of selenium for thyroid it can seem like there are more and more people being diagnosed with some form of thyroid disease these days. The literature suggests that selenium supplementation of patients with autoimmune thyroiditis is associated with a reduction in. Selenium is necessary to help the thyroid produce enzymes and hormones. The biggest difference was for subclinical hypothyroidism. Selenium is a micronutrient found in foods, such as mushrooms, beef, halibut, sunflower seeds, tuna, brazil nuts, and soybeans. Dec 06, 2017 selenium as selenomethionine, 200 mcg for thyroid health. Of interest, for example, is the condition of iodine. Selenium as selenomethionine, 200 mcg for thyroid health. The role of selenium in thyroid autoimmunity levels of selenium can lead to selenium deficiency. In the thyroid, selenoproteins called deiodinases are important for activating and inactivating both t4 the inactive precursor.
Thats because selenium is a fundamental component of various selenoproteins, molecules essential to the bodys ability to create and use thyroid hormones. Among those living in the adequateselenium county, thyroid disorders including hypothyroidism, subclinical hypothyroidism, autoimmune thyroiditis and enlarged thyroid were significantly less common than for those living in the lowselenium county. Jun 17, 2019 selenium is mineral that is found in soil and occurs naturally in certain foods such as whole grains, brazil nuts, sunflower seeds, and seafood. Due to their low tissue concentrations and their mrna secis elements. Selenium, which is nutritionally essential for humans, is a constituent of more than two dozen selenoproteins that play critical roles in reproduction, thyroid hormone metabolism, dna synthesis, and protection from oxidative damage and infection. Although nonsevere selenium deficiency is unlikely to impact thyroid function, there is a good deal of evidence to support the use of selenium for autoimmune thyroid issues. Another responsibility of the mineral is the protection of the thyroid from oxidative damage. Apr 27, 2018 selenium acts as a thyroid antioxidant and is vital for the production of thyroid hormone and it is involved in the conversion of t4 least active thyroid hormone to t3 most active form.
The effect of selenium on thyroid physiology and pathology. It has antiinflammatory, antineoplastic and antiaging properties and protects from oxidative stress. Getting enough selenium in your diet is important for your overall health and wellbeing. Apr 21, 2016 meaning selenium is vital in the conversion of the inactive to the active form of the thyroid hormones. Selenium, from the greek word selene meaning moon, is a chemical element atomic number 34 that was discovered as a byproduct of sulfuric acid in 1817. When iodine deficiency goes handinhand with selenium deficiency, its essential to treat both nutrient deficits to restore the thyroid to. Selenium supplementation in thyroid associated ophthalmopathy.
Selenium, the thyroid, and the endocrine system request pdf. Selenium supplementation may decrease circulating thyroid autoantibodies in patients with chronic autoimmune thyroiditis ait, but the available trials are heterogenous. In the thyroid, selenium is required for the antioxidant function and for the metabolism of. Jun 22, 2015 selenium is incorporated in the molecular structure of a class of proteins called selenoproteins and the following wellcharacterized selenoproteins are found in the thyroid gland. Mar 17, 2019 additionally, selenium is also essential for the conversion of t4 to t3, as deiodinase enzymes those enzymes that remove iodine atoms from t4 during conversion are seleniumdependent. Selenium is retained and deiodinase expression is maintained at almost normal levels in the thyroid gland, the brain and several other endocrine tissues during selenium deficiency, thus guaranteeing adequate local and systemic levels of the active thyroid hormone t 3. Selenium is a mineral thats naturally found in some of the foods we eat.
Selenium, from the greek selene meaning moon, is a chemical element atomic number 34 that was discovered as a byproduct of sulfuric acid in 1817 by j. The selenium reserves in your thyroid gland and your brain are the last to diminish. In the thyroid, selenium is required for the antioxidant function and for the metabolism of thyroid. Autoimmune thyroid disease is the most common cause of hypo and. Bioavailability of and interactions between zinc and selenium in rats fed wheat grain. Selenium in thyroid disorders essential knowledge for clinicians. Both excessively high and low levels of selenium have been associated in several studies with an increased risk of disease.
Autoimmune thyroiditis ait, the prototype of autoimmune diseases, is characterized by tcellmediated autoimmune. What to know about selenium and your thyroid verywell health. The value of selenium supplementation in autoimmune thyroid disorders has been emphasized. Much of this has to do with the advancement of technology and the ability of medical professionals to find abnormalities, such as nodules with a. Uses, side effects, interactions, dosage, and warning. Fittingly, selenium was also detected in the moon dust brought back by the 1969 apollo mission 1. Brazil nuts, for example, contain very high amounts of selenium 6891 mcg per nut and can.
Selenium may help protect the thyroid from autoimmune disorders. Thyroid cancer selenium may protect salivary glands from radioactive iodine therapy for. Selenium and the control of thyroid hormone metabolism. Meaning selenium is vital in the conversion of the inactive to the active form of the thyroid hormones. Effect of selenium supplementation on thyroid hormone metabolism in an iodine and selenium deficient population. This study expands and critically reappraises the knowledge on this topic. Epidemiological studies have linked an increased risk of autoimmune thyroiditis, graves disease and goitre to low selenium status. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of selenium and zinc supplementation on thyroid hormones ths in rats suffering from hypothyroidism ht. Selenium and selenoproteins in immune mediated thyroid. Its also added to foods to fortify them and can be taken as a. Oct 09, 2016 a study conducted in 2015, low population selenium status is associated with increased prevalence of thyroid disease, showed that the risk of thyroid disease was as much as 69% higher for people who lived in low selenium areas compared to those who live in adequate selenium areas. Hashimotos thyroiditis and selenium supplementation dr. Levothyroxine is the standard medication used in hashimotos thyroiditis. Introduction thyroid diseases are more common in females than in males garber, et al.
As ive explained before, t3 is the active form of thyroid hormone, and low t3 can cause hypothyroid symptoms. Selenium naturally appears in water and some foods. Although it was largely ignored as a therapeutic agent for over 100 yr due to its toxicity, recent decades have confirmed. Selenium supplementation significantly reduces thyroid. It is also required for cells to produce antioxidants that protect the thyroid and other body tissues. The thyroid makes hydrogen peroxide which is used to make thyroid hormones.
Selenium is mineral that is found in soil and occurs naturally in certain foods such as whole grains, brazil nuts, sunflower seeds, and seafood. Selenium acts as a thyroid antioxidant and is vital for the production of thyroid hormone and it is involved in the conversion of t4 least active thyroid hormone to t3 most active form. Available in pdf format for saving and printing and web page format for viewing online. Selenium is a micronutrient embedded in several proteins. While people only need a very small amount, selenium plays a key role in the metabolism. It is best to recognize what the thyroid does in order to gain an understanding of how selenium can affect thyroid functioning. So selenium and vitamin d are two easy ways to have potentially good benefit for your thyroid immune health or thyroid autoimmunity.
Selenium and thyroid autoimmunity pubmed central pmc. But whether selenium dietary supplements can help treat or reduce the risk of thyroid disease is not clear. Selenium is incorporated in the molecular structure of a class of proteins called selenoproteins and the following. Selenium levels in the body depend on the characteristics of the population and its diet, geographic area, and soil composition. For example, under selenium deficiency the activity of thyroid related function can decrease by 99 percent in your liver, kidneys, and muscles while only dropping by 50 percent in your thyroid gland and brain.
Selenium, zinc, hypothyroidism, thyroid hormone, histological examination, gpx. Synthesis, secretion, metabolism and action of thyroid hormone in target tissues depend on a balanced nutritional. Inadequate selenium intake has been associated with increased thyroid volume in females, but not males in one study 75, and in a larger danish population, this negative correlation between. While people only need a very small amount, selenium plays a. The vast majority of experts agree that a good starting therapeutic dose of 200 micrograms mcg has positive effects on both the thyroid and the immune system. One clear pattern on you thyroid labs that can indicate selenium deficiency is a high or highnormal free t4 but low or lownormal free t3 with a. Selenium benefits for your thyroid womens health network. Selenium and its role in thyroid function thyroid central. Selenium fact sheet for consumers office of dietary. Aitd carries a risk for impaired fertility and is the main cause of hypothyroidism in pregnant women, with the prevalence of its overt form being 0.
An iodine deficiency can therefore lead to thyroiditis. Much of this has to do with the advancement of technology and the ability of medical professionals to find abnormalities, such as nodules with a thyroid ultrasound. Selenium supplementation and autoimmune thyroid diseases. It helps keep your thyroid functioning properly, and the thyroid in turn helps pretty much every cell you have. Nov 15, 2019 hypothyroidism, or an underactive thyroid, is a health problem that affects 12% of people worldwide. Among those living in the adequate selenium county, thyroid disorders including hypothyroidism, subclinical hypothyroidism, autoimmune thyroiditis and enlarged thyroid were significantly less common than for those living in the low selenium county. The thyroid is the organ with the highest selenium content per gram of tissue because it expresses specific selenoproteins. In the thyroid, selenium is required for the antioxidant function and for the metabolism of thyroid hormones. A short selenium supplementation programme was conducted in this area to evaluate the effects of a selenium supplementation on thyroid diseases.
Now, the last piece, and the one that i think is the most well understood in terms of the medical literature, but the least well understood in terms of what you get on the internet, probably because of people. Request pdf selenium, the thyroid, and the endocrine system recent identification of new selenocysteinecontaining proteins has revealed relationships between the two trace elements selenium. These diseases are either due to thyroid gland over activity resulting in hyperthyroidism or under activity resulting in hypothyroidism ht fabrizio, 2003. If you have low levels of selenium, its harder for the thyroid to make its hormones and for the body to convert thyroid hormones into the form thats needed by your cells.
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